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Wednesday, December 01, 2010

从于建嵘罢宴看中国知识分子的伪善

作者:吴三兴

我国著名三农问题专家、著名社会问题专家于建嵘教授,应邀去江西万载县讲课,然后回来就发了一条微博:“昨晚深夜赶到万载县,今天给七百多人讲课,号召大家不要去拆老百姓房子。刚才吃饭,县委书记言称,为了发展,就得拆。我怒言,现代社会就是以保障个人基本权利为基础,你们这些人最要做的就是确保个人权利。他说,如果没有我们这些县委书记这样干,你们这些知识分子吃什么。我一怒推椅而起,离席而去。”

于建嵘教授的罢宴,在我看来其实是“罢演”。遗憾的是,于教授只会演单口相声,而不会演双簧戏和对台戏。由于于教授的演戏水平不太专业,分不开台上与台下、演戏与做人的关系,所以,这曲戏没有演下去。演不下去倒也罢了(——我们作为观众,也不稀罕这些传统曲目),可悲的是,于教授居然觉得自己真的很受委屈,就是咽不下技艺拙劣这口气,还写微博顾影自怜的煽情。这就是中国知识分子一以贯之几千年的迂腐,还有伪善了!

于建嵘教授离开北京的时候,就应该知道,他的使命不过是吹喇叭、做“法事”、走“道场”、当戏子,然后得一点金钱上的回馈。然而,他就是不干,偏要演主角。皇帝都做不了主的事情,他居然认为凭自己的一条笨舌头就能改变万载县几十万老百姓的命运。于教授将“不拆老百姓房子”的希望寄托在万载县县委书记一个人身上,的确是不怎么厚道的做法。他如果真有胆识的话,就应该“到太岁头上去动土”,找出问题的根子。然而,于教授没有这样做,相反,他还在全国各地到处演讲,就像郎咸平教授那样,仿佛他们已经找到了真理似的。老实说,我对这些看起来学富五车,好像在伸张正义,实则稀里糊涂的学者,和对那些穷凶极恶、如同机器的官员一样,都没有丝毫好感。而且,他们本质上是一丘之貉。【关于这一点,“荷兰人”李剑芒的文章《道理讲不下去,这是一个悲哀!》可谓一针见血。】

中国知识分子的迂腐和伪善,恐怕是中国长期落后的一个根本原因。在中国历史上,儒家文化和专制集权是一对孪生兄弟,它们一起为非作歹,造就了中国几千年的积贫积弱,以及一个“无理”社会。儒家文化和专制集权之间的争吵,本质上是体制内的无理喧嚣,它们一起掩盖住了中国社会的真实声音。儒家文化主张“德治”、“仁政”,这看起来很美,实际上,这种主张的立足点本身就是一个天大的错误!就像我们必须假设“上帝”存在一样,我们也必须假设权力总是“恶”的,所以,必须信仰上帝,同时,必须控制权力。阿克顿勋爵所说的“权力导致腐败,绝对的权力导致绝对的腐败”,必须成为社会共识。遗憾的是,中国的知识分子就连这样的常识都不具备,或者假装不知道,所以,他们到处与虎谋皮。说到底,这不是无知,而是道德堕落的缘故。中国的知识分子将知识、道德作为与权力交易的工具,所以,这是一群没有灵魂的人们。这群没有灵魂的人们为了让自己的利益最大化,必然会反过来控制知识分子以外人群的灵魂;而为了有效地控制灵魂,就得同时控制住人们的行为,所以,这些知识分子就会依仗权力之手,它们彼此需要、相互合作、狼狈为奸。反之亦然,权力需要儒家文化进行意识形态包装。因此,儒家文化和专制集权本质上一阴一阳、密切搭配,一起强奸中国社会。

由于上面所说的因素,中国的知识分子可谓“斯文扫地”,而在伪“市场经济”的作用下,这些人无一不被金钱美色所腐蚀、无一不是集权体制的俘虏,所以,它们不仅人格残缺,而且在功能上也是不全的,例如,他们并不求真知,并不具备批判能力。新中国以来,中国在文学、艺术、科学、技术、哲学、思想上拿得出手的原创性成果几乎为零!当然,中国的知识分子之所以无法超越现实,还有更深层次的原因,例如,中国文化中的“人”没有忏悔精神,没有超越性的思维,其直接后果是批判能力的丧失。在于建嵘教授罢宴事件中,我们丝毫看不到当事人的自我反省或批判:“我”为什么赴宴?“我”是不是真的讲道德?“我”真的是为老百姓说话吗?“我”究竟属于哪个集团?

尽管教授罢宴是“一件小事”,然而,我们应该透过现象坚定这么一个认识:中国的知识分子是没有灵魂也是没有骨气的一群人,他们的本性就是为权力服务(表面上是“出谋划策”),这也是中国之所以很难改变的一个根本原因。连知识分子都很难做“人”,何况普通老百姓?就这一点来看,中国的确需要一场启蒙运动。启蒙是“人”的觉悟,是个人独自面对上帝,是人与人之间通过契约重新组成社会。因此,启蒙需要理性与信仰。俄罗斯民族之所以在精神上没有因为专制集权而垮下去,根源在于受惠于超越性的信仰体系,以及欧洲的启蒙运动。中国呢?仍然深陷在儒家伦理之中。中国的知识分子不是精神活动的主体,他们没有忏悔能力,没有超越意识。所以,中国需要批判!中国的知识分子应该看到自己的伪善!

问题是,谁来启蒙?我的看法是,那些被强拆而不甘沉默、不肯顺从、敢于对抗强拆的“钉子户”才是中国人民真正的启蒙者。因为在接下来的经济“发展”中,会有越来越多的强拆。想靠利益集团之内的中国的知识分子,是根本不可能阻挡住这股潮流的。中国人命苦!只能通过“鸡蛋碰石头”来让中国“人”获得“启蒙”了!

要看到中国的“发展”趋势,我们就必须警醒:权力是不可能主动纠错的!网上有个这样的段子在流传:有一个市长因为各种问题,被判了死刑。但因为他已经是癌症晚期,所以改判为死缓,让他在医院里治疗,他的位置由一位新市长接任。新市长接任后,为了表示对老市长的关心,特意来医院看他。两人寒暄一阵后,新市长看旁边没有人,就问老市长:“大哥,我有个问题想问你。”老市长说:“你说吧,我是知无不言,言无不尽。”“那好,我就不客气了。我一直想不通你是怎么搞到那么多钱的!”新市长问道。老市长的脸上出现了笑容,他对新市长说:“你拆(猜)!”新市长想了半天,摇摇头说:“我猜不出来。”“你再拆(猜)!”老市长又说。新市长经过冥思苦想,还是摇摇头说:“我还是猜不出来。”老市长提高了声音说:“你使劲拆(猜)!”新市长一听恍然大悟,他翘起大拇子对老市长说:“高,实在是高!”

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